The enclosed paper are speaking notes for a presentation made at a Seminar held at the University of Liverpool on 17 April 2026 devoted to the impact of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union on Lex Sportiva.

The presentation analyses in greater detail the implications of – and the interaction between – two recent landmark judgments on the judicial protection of athletes: Semenya v. Switzerland and Royal Football Club Seraing (see also the post on this topic).